PET plastic sheet (polyethylene terephthalate)
PET plastic sheet or polyethylene terephthalate plastic sheet is a polymer used in the production of polyester fibers (70%), bottle resin (22%), film (6%) and engineering polyester resins (2%), but In Iran, this polymer is mostly used for making all kinds of beverage bottles and food packaging containers, electrical industries, pharmaceutical industries, and so on.
Advantages and applications of PET plastic sheet
- High vacuum thermoforming speed
- Completely hygienic for food and medicine packaging compared to other polymers
- Optimal mechanical properties
- Good electrical properties (electrically insulated)
- Proper chemical resistance to acids, alcohols and salts
- Relative resistance to climate erosion
- Excellent toughness
- High transparency in amorphous state
- Full recyclability
- No effect on food color and taste
- Low permeability
How to produce PET polymer in petrochemicals
PET is prepared in two stages. The first step involves the reaction of terephthalic acid with 1-4 methane DL at 150 ° C ~ to prepare dimer and trimer, which have two hydroxyl terminal groups.. The mixture is heated to 260 ° C to a high degree of polymerization. Typically, low molecular weight materials (͵20,000 nM) are used to produce fibers, while for other uses, higher molecular masses are used.
Types of PET Usually PET plastic sheets are available in the following two types:Bottles: This type of PET is used to produce bottles, which determines the type of grade ͵ use of the bottle.
Fibers: This type of PET is also used in clothing and various types of PET films.Properties of PET plastic sheet The order in the structure of polymer chains increases the crystallization capability, which is important for determining the mechanical properties. The phenyl group in the main chain hardens the skeleton and is responsible for the high Tg temperature and melting temperature. Its chemical resistance is like nylon hosts (polyamide) which makes it have very good impermeability properties.
PET can be present in both crystalline and amorphous states, and its degree of crystallization is determined by the thermal history of the material. PET fibers and thin films are produced by extrusion and cooling at ambient temperature. که Due to the fact that the highest crystallization rate occurs at a temperature of about 170 ° C ͵ The degree of crystallization can also be done by annealing annealing between the melting temperature (mT) and the glass transition temperature (Tg). 290 occurs.
The most volatile products are: terephthalic acid, acetaldehyde and carbon monoxide. At 900 ° C, large amounts of hydrocarbons are produced along with carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane, which are the main volatiles, and oxidation is possible during the process. A wide range of antioxidants can be used to prevent PET oxidation during the process.
Applications of PET plastic sheet
Due to the wide range of PET properties such as the ability to control the degree of crystallization of PET has found many applications. Its main application is in carbonated beverage bottles due to its high impermeability to gases in PET. One problem with PET is that it tends to crystallize over time, which changes the properties and can lead to dimensional changes (shrinkage or warping).Other uses of PET plastic sheet: Includes fibers for use in clothing, films made of PET plastic sheet, electrical insulation and parts produced by blow molding. In many applications, PET plastic sheet copolymer to achieve Use better properties.
Of course, the first use of recycled PET in the world and Iran: fibers, sheets and belts and injection or blowing products.
Short Tips on Recycling PET Plastic Sheets
PET can be recycled by almost all major recycling methods from mechanical to chemical, but mechanical recycling is more common. However, there are problems with recycling.
For example, labels attached to bottles can change color and reduce their transparency during recycling.
Or because of the sensitivity of this material to moisture, any residual moisture can lead to degradation and degradation also causes yellowing and changes in mechanical properties. It has recently been discovered that PET can also be recycled through pyrolysis, which produces activated carbon.
Tips on PET sheet recycling in Iran
Recycled PET plastic sheet requires high separation due to its sensitivity to PVC, but this must be observed in all PET recycling lines around the world. Polyethylene terephthalate plastic sheet
In any case, to achieve high quality recycled flakes, you must use a hot wash line with a label separator.
Recycled PET sheet is the only plastic that has an index for the amount of pollution, which is called ppm, which stands for one unit per million. When we say PET sheet has 300 ppm of PVC. One ton of pet should be 300 grams.
This contamination in food applications, such as the production of bottles from recycled bottles or so-called bottle to bottle should be below 10 ppm. For fiber applications it should be between 200-500 ppm. Naturally, the less pollution, the more valuable it is and the higher the price in the market.
Many people in Iran who own a pet recycling line and traditionally operate due to lack of facilities and equipment to separate the quality of the flake is not high and when selling it to fiber manufacturers suffer a large drop in percentage and reduce their profits. .
Last year, due to market fluctuations in the second half of the year, we saw a decline in the price and value of this plastic, but it is predicted that in the new year, due to the liberalization of exports of recycled materials, the price of recycled PET will increase and the market will prosper.